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I-Ritonavir I-Anti-Virus Ethengiswa Kakhulu Izinto
Incazelo Eningiliziwe
I-Ritonavir, imishanguzo yezidambisigciwane, ivamise ukusetshenziswa ukuhlanganiswa neminye imithi ukwelapha i-HIV/AIDS. Lokhu kwelashwa okuhlangene, okwaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane ezisebenzayo kakhulu (HAART), kubonakale kuphumelela ekulawuleni isimo. I-Ritonavir ihlukaniswa njenge-protease inhibitor, kodwa umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko manje ukukhulisa amandla amanye ama-protease inhibitor.
Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni kwayo ekwelashweni kwe-HIV/AIDS, i-ritonavir iphinde yasetshenziswa ngokuhlangana neminye imithi ukwelapha isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C kanye, muva nje, i-COVID-19. Ithathwa ngomlomo ngendlela yamaphilisi noma ama-capsules. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-bioavailability yamaphilisi namaphilisi e-ritonavir ingase ihluke, kanti amaphilisi angase abangele ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-plasma.I-Ritonavir isebenza njengesivimbeli se-HIV protease enzyme, iphazamisa umjikelezo wokuzala wegciwane. Nakuba ekuqaleni yasungulwa njenge-ejenti elwa namagciwane ezimele, ibonise izici ezinenzuzo eyengeziwe lapho isetshenziswa ezinhlanganisweni zemithi ezinomthamo ophansi we-ritonavir namanye ama-protease inhibitors. Namuhla, isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-booster yamanye ama-protease inhibitors. Itholakala kukho kokubili ukwakhiwa kwe-liquid nanjengama-capsules.
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-ritonavir kusekwelapheni iziguli ezine-HIV, ikakhulukazi Uhlobo loku-1, okuwuhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu noludlange kakhulu. Ivamise ukuhlanganiswa nomunye umuthi wezidambisigciwane okuthiwa i-lopinavir ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa. I-Lopinavir kanye ne-ritonavir basebenza ndawonye ukuvimbela nokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwegciwane le-HIV emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-lopinavir ne-ritonavir akulona ikhambi le-HIV futhi akuvimbeli ukudluliswa kwegciwane lisuka komunye umuntu liye komunye.
Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana neminye imithi ye-HIV, i-ritonavir isiza ukulawula ukutheleleka nge-HIV ngokunciphisa inani le-HIV emzimbeni. Lokhu, futhi, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamasosha omzimba, kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo yonke. I-Ritonavir ingeyesigaba sama-protease inhibitors futhi isebenza ngokwandisa amazinga amanye ama-protease inhibitors, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo. Kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli zazi ukuthi i-ritonavir ayilaphi ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokudlulisela lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukunamathela kuhlelo olunqunyiwe lwemithi ye-HIV. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenzayo njengamakhondomu e-latex noma e-polyurethane ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini nokugwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu okungenzeka zihlangane negazi noma uketshezi lomzimba kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile okufanele uzithathe.
Njengoba isungulwe ekuqaleni njenge-inhibitor ye-HIV protease, i-ritonavir manje akuvamile ukuthi isetshenziselwe umsebenzi wayo wokulwa namagciwane. Esikhundleni salokho, isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-booster yamanye ama-protease inhibitors. I-Ritonavir ivimbela i-enzyme eyaziwa ngokuthi i-cytochrome P450-3A4 (CYP3A4), enesibopho sokusebenzisa ama-protease inhibitors. Ngokubophezela kanye nokuvimbela i-CYP3A4, i-ritonavir yenza imithamo ephansi yezinye i-protease inhibitor ukuthi zisetshenziswe, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo futhi inciphise imiphumela emibi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kwe-CYP3A4 kungase futhi kube nomthelela ekusebenzeni kweminye imithi, kubangele izinselele lapho unikeza izidakamizwa kanyekanye.
Kafushane, i-ritonavir iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwe-HIV/AIDS, esebenza njenge-protease inhibitor kanye ne-booster yamanye ama-protease inhibitors. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ekwelapheni i-HIV, ikakhulukazi Uhlobo loku-1. Nakuba isiza ekulawuleni ukutheleleka nge-HIV futhi ithuthukisa izinga lempilo, ayilona ikhambi futhi ayikuvimbi ukudluliswa kwegciwane. Ukuqonda umsebenzi womuthi kanye nokunamathela ezinhlotsheni zokwelashwa ezinqunyiwe kubalulekile ekulawuleni lesi simo ngempumelelo.
Kafushane, i-ritonavir iyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwe-HIV/AIDS, esebenza njenge-protease inhibitor kanye ne-booster yamanye ama-protease inhibitors. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ekwelapheni i-HIV, ikakhulukazi Uhlobo loku-1. Nakuba isiza ekulawuleni ukutheleleka nge-HIV futhi ithuthukisa izinga lempilo, ayilona ikhambi futhi ayikuvimbi ukudluliswa kwegciwane. Ukuqonda umsebenzi womuthi kanye nokunamathela ezinhlotsheni zokwelashwa ezinqunyiwe kubalulekile ekulawuleni lesi simo ngempumelelo.
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